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Related Concept Videos

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

Quinoline: A versatile heterocyclic.

Akranth Marella1, Om Prakash Tanwar, Rikta Saha

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India.

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ : the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
|August 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quinoline, a versatile heterocyclic compound, exhibits diverse biological activities including antimalarial and anti-inflammatory effects. This review highlights the broad spectrum of its pharmacological properties and established synthesis protocols.

Keywords:
Biological activityQuinolineSynthesis

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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Quinoline (1-aza-naphthalene) is a weak tertiary base.
  • The quinoline scaffold is present in numerous biologically active compounds.
  • Established synthetic routes exist for the quinoline ring system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse biological and pharmacological activities of quinoline derivatives.
  • To highlight the synthetic accessibility of the quinoline ring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on quinoline synthesis and biological activity.
  • Analysis of reported pharmacological data for quinoline compounds.

Main Results:

  • Quinoline derivatives demonstrate a wide range of activities: antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic.
  • Multiple synthetic protocols for constructing the quinoline ring are available.

Conclusions:

  • The quinoline ring is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry due to its diverse bioactivities.
  • The established synthetic methods facilitate the development of novel quinoline-based therapeutics.