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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

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A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders
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Published on: July 26, 2016

A Safer Formulation Concept for Flame-Generated Engineered Nanomaterials.

Samuel Gass1, Joel M Cohen, Georgios Pyrgiotakis

  • 1Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology at Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA U.S.A ; Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
|August 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a scalable method to coat engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2), significantly reducing their toxicity. This

Keywords:
core-shell particlesflame generated nanomaterialsnanotechnologynanotoxicologysafer nano-formulations

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • The sustainability of the nanotechnology industry hinges on the environmental health and safety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs).
  • Developing safer ENMs is crucial, with amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) coatings offering a promising approach to mitigate toxicity while retaining core material functionality.
  • Scalable, high-yield manufacturing processes for core-shell ENMs are a significant challenge for industrial demand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a 'safer by design' concept for flame-generated ENMs using a one-step, in-flight SiO2 encapsulation process.
  • To demonstrate the versatility of the SiO2 coating process on diverse ENMs (CeO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, Ag) with varying toxicological profiles.
  • To evaluate the impact of SiO2 coating on ENM properties and biological interactions, providing evidence for reduced toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a novel one-step, in-flight SiO2 encapsulation process to four different ENMs.
  • Optimization of coating process parameters for each specific ENM.
  • Characterization of coated ENMs using XRD, N2 adsorption, TEM, XPS, and isopropanol chemisorption.
  • Evaluation of biological interactions using cellular bioassays to compare coated and uncoated ENMs.

Main Results:

  • Successful SiO2 coating was achieved on CeO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, and Ag nanoparticles, with optimized parameters for each.
  • Characterization confirmed the effects of SiO2 coating on core material structure, composition, morphology, and coating efficiency.
  • Cellular bioassays demonstrated significantly reduced toxicity for SiO2-coated ENMs compared to their uncoated counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • The one-step, in-flight SiO2 encapsulation process is a versatile and scalable method for producing safer ENMs.
  • The 'safer by design' approach effectively reduces the toxicological profile of ENMs, showing great promise for industrial applications.
  • This strategy supports the sustainable growth of the nanotechnology industry by prioritizing environmental health and safety.