Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in the carotid body: an immunohistochemical study

We determined the presence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), a family of multifunctional proteins engaged in Ca(2+)-linked signaling, in carotid body chemoreceptor cells which are critical for the hypoxia-sensing. Carotid bodies were dissected from anesthetized normoxic adult Wistar rats and were double stained for individual CaMKs and for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of chemoreceptor cells. Immunofluorescence was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. We found that CaMKI and CaMKII were expressed in chemoreceptor cells, but their distribution and intensity varied. CaMKI immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the cytoplasm, whereas that of CaMKII was localized in the cytoplasmic periphery of chemoreceptor cells. An overlap of CaMKI or CaMKII fluorescent probes with TH affirmed the presence of either protein in the chemoreceptor cells. CaMKIV could not be conclusively visualized by the used method. The study shows the expressions of CaMKI and CaMKII in chemoreceptor cells, which raises the plausibility of CaMKs` role in carotid body function.