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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Acromegaly: Beyond surgery.

Gaya Thanabalasingham¹, Ashley B Grossman

¹Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

|August 21, 2013

Summary

Acromegaly treatment involves managing excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Current therapies include somatostatin analogs, dopamine agonists, and pegvisomant, with new options emerging.

Keywords:

Acromegaly cabergoline lanreotide medical therapy octreotide pasireotide pegvisomant somatostatin analogs

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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

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Published on: January 17, 2018

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

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Published on: July 5, 2021

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Pharmacology

Background:

Acromegaly results from excess growth hormone (GH) due to pituitary adenomas.
This leads to elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and significant health issues.
Medical therapies have advanced for controlling acromegaly's biochemical and symptomatic aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current medical therapies for acromegaly.
To outline a stepwise treatment approach.
To discuss emerging therapeutic options.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on acromegaly treatments.
Discussion of somatostatin analogs, dopamine agonists, and pegvisomant.
Description of a sequential treatment strategy.

Main Results:

Three primary classes of medical therapies are available: somatostatin analogs, dopamine agonists, and pegvisomant.
A common approach involves sequential use or combination of these agents.
Newer agents like pasireotide and oral somatostatin agonists are expanding treatment options.

Conclusions:

Current medical therapies offer effective control for acromegaly.
A stepwise approach guides treatment selection and escalation.
Future advancements promise increased therapeutic diversity for acromegaly patients.