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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

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Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

Fetal endocrinology.

Sunil Kumar Kota1, Kotni Gayatri, Sruti Jammula

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Medwin Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|August 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal endocrinology is crucial for a successful pregnancy and prepares the baby for life outside the womb. This review explores fetal endocrine development and adaptations, including those related to placental insufficiency and maternal malnutrition.

Keywords:
Endocrinologyfetalhypothalamicpituitary

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Pregnancy success relies on complex genetic, cellular, and hormonal interactions.
  • The fetal endocrine system develops early, influencing organ systems and preparing for birth.
  • Understanding fetal endocrinology is vital for managing pregnancy complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current knowledge in fetal endocrinology.
  • To highlight the endocrine system's role in fetal development and adaptation to extrauterine life.
  • To examine fetal endocrine adaptations in clinical scenarios like placental insufficiency and maternal malnutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research in fetal endocrinology.
  • Synthesis of information on endocrine system development and function during gestation.
  • Analysis of endocrine adaptations relevant to specific clinical conditions.

Main Results:

  • The fetal endocrine system plays a critical role throughout gestation and prepares the fetus for neonatal life.
  • Specific endocrine adaptations are observed in response to challenges such as placental insufficiency and maternal malnutrition.
  • Knowledge of these adaptations is essential for clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal endocrinology is a key determinant of pregnancy outcomes and neonatal adaptation.
  • The endocrine system's role in mediating responses to maternal and placental conditions is significant.
  • Further research into fetal endocrine adaptations can improve clinical care for high-risk pregnancies.