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Updated: May 8, 2026

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Movement time in an underwater environment.

R Kerr1

  • 1a Department of Physical Education , Memorial University of Newfoundland.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|August 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human motor capacity is significantly slower underwater. Movement time underwater is more affected by movement amplitude than precision, unlike on land where precision is the dominant factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Human motor control
  • Biomechanics
  • Environmental physiology

Background:

  • Understanding human motor capacity is crucial for various activities, including sports and rehabilitation.
  • The underwater environment presents unique challenges to human motor performance due to altered fluid dynamics and sensory feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of an underwater environment on human motor capacity.
  • To analyze how movement amplitude and precision are affected differently underwater compared to terrestrial conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Fitts' Law to quantify human motor capacity.
  • Employed a reciprocal tapping task performed by five participants both on land and underwater.
  • Measured movement time (MT) as the primary dependent variable.

Main Results:

  • Movement time (MT) was significantly slower underwater compared to on land (p < 0.01).
  • Underwater, movement amplitude had a greater influence on MT than movement precision.
  • On land, movement precision had a greater influence on MT than movement amplitude.

Conclusions:

  • The underwater environment significantly impairs human motor capacity, increasing movement time.
  • Movement control strategies adapt to the underwater environment, with amplitude becoming a more critical factor than precision.
  • These findings have implications for underwater operations, training, and rehabilitation programs.