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Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Memory representations in natural tasks.

D H Ballard, M M Hayhoe, J B Pelz

    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
    |August 22, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Humans naturally minimize short-term memory (STM) use during everyday tasks. Eye movements help reduce instantaneous memory load by delaying information gathering, suggesting STM is costly to utilize.

    More Related Videos

    The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
    05:15

    The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 8, 2026

    A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
    09:13

    A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

    Published on: May 16, 2017

    The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
    05:15

    The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Human Cognition
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Short-term memory (STM) capacity is a fundamental cognitive limitation.
    • Previous research focused on STM's upper bounds in memorization tasks.
    • Everyday task performance and STM use remain less explored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate short-term memory utilization in naturalistic hand-eye tasks.
    • To determine if individuals operate at STM's maximum capacity during self-paced activities.
    • To understand the strategies employed to manage cognitive load in real-world scenarios.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental design involving natural hand-eye tasks.
    • Subjects had freedom to select task parameters.
    • Analysis of task performance and short-term memory engagement.

    Main Results:

    • Participants actively minimized short-term memory usage.
    • Task serialization via eye movements was employed to reduce memory load.
    • Information gathering was postponed until immediately prior to its necessity.

    Conclusions:

    • Individuals do not operate at maximum short-term memory capacity in natural tasks.
    • Eye movements serve as a strategy to circumvent high short-term memory demands.
    • The cognitive cost of using short-term memory likely drives this avoidance behavior.