Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Perception

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Estimation of phase in EEG rhythms for real-time applications.

Journal of neural engineering·2020

Same author

In vivo snapshot hyperspectral image analysis of age-related macular degeneration.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2010

Same author

N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor antagonist-induced frequency oscillations in mice recreate pattern of electrophysiological deficits in schizophrenia.

Neuroscience·2008

Same author

High-frequency oscillations (>200 Hz) in the human non-parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus.

Brain research bulletin·2007

Same author

Neuroengineering models of brain disease.

Annual review of biomedical engineering·2001

Same author

Mosaicking and enhancement of slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus images.

The British journal of ophthalmology·2001

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Intermediate-level visual representations and the construction of surface perception.

P Sajda¹, L H Finkel

¹David Sarnoff Research Center.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

|August 22, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a network model for intermediate-level vision, explaining how visual cortex represents surfaces. The model uses "ownership" to bind visual elements, successfully segmenting real and illusory images like human perception.

More Related Videos

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computer Vision
Cognitive Science

Background:

Visual processing is traditionally divided into early, intermediate, and high-level stages.
Intermediate-level vision involves perception and organizing visual information.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a network-based model for intermediate-level vision.
To explain how surfaces are represented in the visual cortex.
To introduce a mechanism of "ownership" for selective binding.

Main Methods:

Developed a network-based computational model.
Simulated image segmentation using the proposed "ownership" mechanism.

Main Results:

The model successfully segmented real and illusory images.
Demonstrated segmentation consistent with human perception.
Showcased "ownership" as a central locus for visual integration.

Conclusions:

The proposed "ownership" mechanism effectively represents surfaces in visual cortex.
This model facilitates interaction between depth, transparency, and surface completion.
Enables a more organized perceptual scene construction.