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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
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Timing and anticipation.

P W Dorfman1

  • 1a Department of Psychology , Rice University.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|August 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older children and males show better performance in timing and coincident anticipation tasks. Target masking significantly impairs performance, suggesting information processing limitations.

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An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Human motor control
  • Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

  • Timing and coincident anticipation are crucial for motor skills.
  • Understanding age-related and sex-related differences in these abilities is important.
  • The impact of visual information processing on motor timing is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of timing and coincident anticipation.
  • To examine sex differences in motor timing performance.
  • To assess the effect of target visibility on performance accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: 240 individuals (120 males, 120 females) across six age groups (6-7 to 18-19 years).
  • Task: Coincident anticipation task involving cursor interception using a slide control.
  • Procedure: 60 trials with full target visibility for the first 40 trials and masked target for the last 20 trials.
  • Measures: Absolute error, constant error, and variable error were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Performance improved with age, with older groups exhibiting less error than younger groups.
  • Males generally outperformed females across age groups.
  • Target masking significantly increased performance errors, indicating a reliance on visual feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Motor timing and coincident anticipation skills develop significantly through childhood and adolescence.
  • Males demonstrate superior performance in these tasks compared to females.
  • Reduced visual information processing capacity, particularly under target masking conditions, negatively impacts motor timing accuracy.