Genomic selection: Status in different species and challenges for breeding

Area of Science:

• Animal Genetics
• Genomic Selection
• Quantitative Genetics

Background:

• Genomic tools provide access to whole-genome data across species.
• Large-scale genotyping is optimized for routine use in predicting genetic merit.
• Genomic selection (GS) utilizes estimated marker effects for improved individual differentiation at a young age.

Purpose of the Study:

• Describe general characteristics and challenges of GS implementation.
• Provide an overview of GS status, prospects, and challenges in key animal species.
• Discuss factors influencing GS benefits and species-specific variations.

Main Methods:

• Review of current genomic selection practices and literature.
• Analysis of factors affecting genetic gain (generation interval, selection accuracy, intensity).
• Emphasis on the need for reference populations linking phenotype and genotype data.

Main Results:

• GS benefits are influenced by species and breed, with varying quantity and quality.
• Shortening generation intervals, increasing selection accuracy, and intensity enhance genetic gain.
• International collaboration, as seen in dairy breeding, accelerates GS implementation.

Conclusions:

• Genomic selection significantly impacts future breeding structures and programs.
• Continuous high-quality phenotype data is crucial for improving traits difficult with conventional methods.
• Tailored genotyping and phenotyping strategies balance production, sustainability, health, and welfare.