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Updated: May 8, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Emotional and behavioral functioning in children with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex: a developmental

Jessica C Hankinson1, Marlo A Eldridge2, Rick Ostrander1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|August 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) generally function well, but older children and males show increased behavioral and emotional challenges. Early intervention is crucial to prevent psychological distress in adolescents with BEEC.

Keywords:
AdolescentsBladder exstrophyChildrenEmotional and behavioral functioningUrinary bladder

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) is a rare congenital condition impacting urinary and reproductive systems.
  • Previous research on the psychological well-being of children with BEEC has methodological limitations.
  • Understanding the emotional and behavioral functioning of these children is crucial for comprehensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the emotional and behavioral functioning of children with BEEC.
  • To consider developmental and gender-specific factors in children with BEEC.
  • To address limitations in prior studies on psychological outcomes in BEEC.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-six children with BEEC were assessed.
  • The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) parent report was utilized.
  • Data were collected during routine visits to a multidisciplinary urology clinic.

Main Results:

  • Overall emotional and behavioral functioning was within normative ranges.
  • Older children exhibited more internalizing symptoms and poorer adaptive functioning.
  • Males showed a trend towards increased externalizing problems and lower adaptive functioning, independent of age.

Conclusions:

  • Children with BEEC are at higher risk for emotional and behavioral problems during adolescence.
  • Findings highlight the need for early intervention to prevent psychological distress.
  • Psychological impairment was not linked to BEEC subtype or prior continence surgery.