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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
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Published on: January 26, 2024

Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises.

N Arulkumaran1, L Lightstone

  • 1Renal Section, Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, Cruciform Building, London, Greater London NW1 2BU, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|August 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe pre-eclampsia requires prompt management, including antihypertensives and magnesium sulfate, to prevent serious complications. Delivery of the baby is the ultimate treatment for this life-threatening condition.

Keywords:
hypertensionintensive carepre-eclampsia

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
05:31

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are a major global cause of maternal illness and death.
  • These conditions range from mild gestational hypertension to severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
  • Severe pre-eclampsia presents as a multisystem disease with significant risks, including HELLP syndrome, organ damage, and fetal demise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the critical management strategies for severe pre-eclampsia.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention for high-risk patients.
  • To detail pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to managing severe pre-eclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical guidelines and evidence for managing severe pre-eclampsia.
  • Discussion of oral and intravenous antihypertensive agents (labetalol, nifedipine, methyldopa, hydralazine, glyceryl trinitrate).
  • Emphasis on comprehensive patient monitoring, including clinical examination, fluid balance, neurological status, and vital signs.

Main Results:

  • Initial management involves oral antihypertensives; intravenous agents are used if oral medications fail.
  • Magnesium sulfate is recommended for seizure prevention.
  • Close monitoring of maternal and fetal well-being is essential throughout management.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of severe pre-eclampsia involves timely intervention, appropriate antihypertensive therapy, seizure prophylaxis, and vigilant monitoring.
  • Delivery of the fetus is the definitive treatment for severe pre-eclampsia.
  • Optimizing antenatal care and managing complications are key to improving outcomes.