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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
12:04

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

Targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus.

P Grech1, Ma Khamashta

  • 1King's College London, School of Medicine, London, UK.

Lupus
|August 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Novel therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) target immune system components. While B-cell depletion shows promise, further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies for this complex autoimmune disease.

Keywords:
B cellsSystemic lupus erythematosusanti-DNA antibodiesbiological therapiestreatment

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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
12:04

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Rheumatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Therapeutic Development

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by loss of self-tolerance and autoantibody production.
  • Understanding SLE immunopathogenesis has led to targeted immunotherapies.
  • Current treatments focus on B-cell depletion, with belimumab being the first approved agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of novel immunotherapies for SLE.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and challenges of B-cell depleting therapies like belimumab and rituximab.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting other immune pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trial data and literature on SLE immunotherapies.
  • Analysis of B-cell depleting therapies, including belimumab and rituximab.
  • Discussion of ongoing research into co-stimulatory signals, cytokines, and other targets.

Main Results:

  • Belimumab is the first approved B-cell depleting therapy for SLE.
  • Rituximab shows potential in refractory cases based on uncontrolled studies, but placebo-controlled trials yielded mixed results.
  • Other agents targeting co-stimulatory signals and cytokines are under investigation, with some showing promise in specific patient subgroups or with alternative endpoints.

Conclusions:

  • B-cell depleting therapies represent a significant advancement in SLE treatment.
  • Further well-designed, larger, and longer studies are required to confirm the efficacy of emerging SLE therapies.
  • Future strategies may involve targeting interferon-alpha, T cells, oxidative stress, and epigenetic factors to manage multisystem disease activity and improve survival.