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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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CD8αα Expression Marks Terminally Differentiated Human CD8+ T Cells Expanded in Chronic Viral Infection.

L J Walker1, E Marrinan, M Muenchhoff

  • 1Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK ; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD8αα acts as a T cell co-repressor, unlike CD8αβ. Researchers identified CD8αα expression on human CD8 T cells, finding expanded CD8αα/CD8αβ co-expressing cells in HIV and Hepatitis B patients.

Keywords:
CD8+ T cellsCD8αHIV-1hepatitis Bhepatitis C

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In Vitro Resident Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation Using Epithelial Organoid-T Cell Co-culture System

Published on: February 3, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The T cell co-receptor CD8αβ enhances T cell sensitivity to antigens.
  • CD8αα is suggested to have a converse effect, acting as a co-repressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clearly define CD8αα expression on human CD8 T cell subsets for the first time.
  • To investigate the role of CD8αα in immune responses and its association with viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Thymic Leukemia (TL) antigen tetramer, anti-CD161, and anti-Vα7.2 antibodies.
  • Characterized CD8 T cell subsets based on CD161, Vα7.2, and CD8αα/CD8αβ expression.
  • Analyzed cell populations in healthy controls and patients with HIV-1 and Hepatitis B.

Main Results:

  • CD8αα is highly expressed on CD161++ mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, specifically Vα7.2+ cells.
  • Identified CD8αα expression on CD161+ and CD161- non-MAIT CD8 T cells, correlating with low CD8β levels (CD8α+CD8β(low)).
  • Found significant expansion of CD161-CD8α+CD8β(low) populations in HIV-1 and Hepatitis B patients.
  • These CD8αα-expressing T cells are effector-memory, activated, and functionally distinct, producing higher TNF-α and IFN-γ.

Conclusions:

  • Clearly defined human T cell subsets expressing CD8αα using TL-tetramer.
  • Demonstrated CD161-CD8α+CD8β(low) populations co-express CD8αβ and CD8αα, expanding in disease.
  • Co-expression of CD8αα on CD8αβ T cells may influence function and contribute to differentiated phenotypes in viral infections (HBV, HIV-1).