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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

Short-latency single unit processing in olfactory cortex.

J McCollum, J Larson, T Otto

    Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
    |August 23, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neural activity in the piriform cortex shows sparse coding for odors. Some broad-spike cells initially respond to odors but cease with training, while a few develop specific odor responses.

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    Published on: January 25, 2013

    Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
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    Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

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    Last Updated: May 8, 2026

    A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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    Published on: August 18, 2014

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    12:13

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    Published on: January 25, 2013

    Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
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    Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

    Published on: July 21, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Olfactory system research

    Background:

    • The piriform cortex is crucial for olfactory processing.
    • Understanding neural coding in the piriform cortex is key to deciphering odor perception.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate neuronal responses in the piriform cortex during odor learning.
    • Determine the nature of neural coding for odors in this brain region.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-unit recordings from layer II-III cells in rat piriform cortex.
    • Rats performed an olfactory discrimination task involving novel odors.

    Main Results:

    • Most piriform cortex cells exhibit sparse odor responses.
    • Initially responsive broad-spike cells often cease responding with repeated odor exposure.
    • A small fraction of broad-spike cells show sustained, odor-specific firing.

    Conclusions:

    • Piriform cortex odor coding is largely sparse.
    • Neuronal responses adapt with learning, with some cells developing odor specificity.