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Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Structural phase transitions in a new compound Eu2AgGe3.

Sumanta Sarkar¹, Sebastian C Peter

¹New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.

Inorganic Chemistry

|August 23, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel intermetallic compound, Eu2AgGe3, was synthesized and characterized. This compound exhibits interesting structural phase transitions and magnetic properties, with europium atoms in the divalent state.

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

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Published on: December 29, 2016

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Area of Science:

Solid State Chemistry
Materials Science
Crystallography

Background:

Intermetallic compounds offer unique properties for various applications.
Understanding structure-property relationships is crucial for materials development.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a new intermetallic compound, Eu2AgGe3.
To investigate its crystal structure, phase transitions, and magnetic behavior.

Main Methods:

High-frequency induction heating for synthesis.
Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis.
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) for phase transitions.
Magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer spectroscopy for magnetic properties and valence state.

Main Results:

Eu2AgGe3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ba2LiSi3 structure type (space group Fddd).
Structural phase transitions were observed above 477 K (orthorhombic to hexagonal) and 718 K (reversible to orthorhombic).
Paramagnetic behavior above 100 K and weak ferromagnetic interactions below 80 K were detected.
Mössbauer and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopic (XANES) studies confirmed divalent europium (Eu2+).

Conclusions:

Eu2AgGe3 is a newly synthesized intermetallic compound with a complex crystal structure.
The compound displays temperature-dependent structural phase transitions and magnetic ordering.
The divalent state of europium is confirmed, contributing to its magnetic properties.