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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Technique for Intranasal Administration of α-Synuclein Aggregates
04:49

Technique for Intranasal Administration of α-Synuclein Aggregates

Published on: November 8, 2024

Progressive supranuclear palsy.

Anna Kent1

  • 1Milton Keynes Community Health Services, Bletchley Community Hospital, Milton Keynes, UK.

Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease impacting cognition and motor skills. Early diagnosis and continuous palliative care are crucial for managing PSP symptoms throughout the illness.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), also known as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, is a rare neurodegenerative disorder.
  • It presents with progressive cognitive and motor impairments, posing diagnostic challenges due to atypical symptom presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic difficulties associated with Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).
  • To emphasize the importance of timely symptom management and palliative care for individuals with PSP.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of the clinical presentation and management of PSP.
  • It synthesizes current understanding of diagnostic challenges and care pathways.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of PSP can be difficult because classic symptoms are not always present.
  • There are currently no definitive diagnostic investigations for PSP.

Conclusions:

  • Holistic care for PSP patients requires prompt discussions and access to symptom management and palliative services from diagnosis onwards.
  • Integrating palliative care throughout the disease trajectory is essential for optimizing quality of life in individuals with PSP.