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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

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The timetable for allopolyploidy in flowering plants.

Donald A Levin¹

¹Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, USA.

Annals of Botany

|August 23, 2013

Summary

Allopolyploid speciation occurs when hybrid sterility takes 4-5 million years and cross-incompatibility takes 8-10 million years to develop. This provides a temporal framework for understanding plant speciation.

Keywords:

Allopolyploidy S-locus cross-incompatibility divergence time hybrid sterility life history, reproductive isolation speciation

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Genetics
Speciation

Background:

Allopolyploid speciation is a key evolutionary process.
Understanding the timing of allopolyploid formation remains challenging.
Knowledge of this timing offers insights into evolutionary rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a general temporal framework for strict allopolyploidy.
To investigate the relationship between species divergence times and hybrid fertility.
To provide a temporal reference for other speciation modes.

Main Methods:

Review and integration of published data on herbaceous species crossability and hybrid fertility.
Analysis of hybrid fertility in relation to species divergence times.
Estimation of waiting times for hybrid sterility and cross-incompatibility.

Main Results:

Waiting time for hybrid sterility is estimated at approximately 4-5 million years.
Waiting time for cross-incompatibility is estimated at approximately 8-10 million years.
Progenitors of several allopolyploids diverged 4-6 million years prior to allopolyploid synthesis.

Conclusions:

A general temporal framework for strict allopolyploidy is proposed.
The findings provide insights into the tempo of speciation and reproductive isolation.
Further research into the timing of speciation events is encouraged.