Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability

Modified-release (MR) dosage forms are designed to extend drug release over time, thereby maintaining stable plasma concentrations and reducing dosing frequency. However, their bioavailability is typically below 100% due to incomplete drug release and presystemic metabolism, and limitations in drug permeability across the gastrointestinal epithelium, all of which can restrict the fraction of the drug reaching systemic circulation. Consequently, studying the in vivo bioavailability of MR...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ICP-MS determination of trace metals in commercial cornflakes from the UAE market.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Surgical site infections occurrence and associated risk factors: a matched case-control study.

Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE·2026
Same author

The longitudinal association between anticholinergic burden and cognitive-functional decline among older adults.

British journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same author

Cornflakes as a source of dietary metal exposure in Lebanon: a risk assessment study.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

Pet food safety at risk? Investigating toxic metal contamination in Lebanon and the UAE.

RSC advances·2025
Same author

Comparative effectiveness of natalizumab and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a real-world propensity-score matched study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets
05:44

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

Formulation optimization study for an immediate-release tablet.

Soula Kyriacos1, Hani Dimassi

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Lebanon.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study optimized an immediate-release tablet formulation for water-soluble drugs using statistical analysis. The developed method ensures tablets meet critical quality attributes like hardness, disintegration, and low friability.

More Related Videos

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models (SVEM)
13:54

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models (SVEM)

Published on: August 18, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets
05:44

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models (SVEM)
13:54

A Workflow for Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Formulation Optimization using Designed Mixture-Process Experiments and Self-Validated Ensemble Models (SVEM)

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Formulation Development
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Optimizing immediate-release tablet formulations is crucial for effective drug delivery.
  • Water-soluble drugs present unique challenges in achieving desired tablet characteristics.
  • Statistical analysis offers a systematic approach to formulation optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize an immediate-release tablet formulation for a water-soluble drug using a two-step statistical approach.
  • To achieve specific tablet characteristics: hardness (85-90 N), disintegration time (3-6 min), and friability (<1%).
  • To identify critical formulation and process factors influencing tablet quality.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step optimization strategy involving preliminary and final formulation studies.
  • Statistical analysis using SPSS 15, including independent t-tests for mean comparisons.
  • Evaluation of critical factors: microcrystalline cellulose type/concentration, lactose ratio, croscarmellose concentration, and compression force.

Main Results:

  • Optimized formulation: 1% croscarmellose, 3:1 anhydrous lactose to Avicel PH-302 ratio, 0.25% magnesium stearate, compressed at 2.5 tons.
  • The optimized formulation demonstrated no statistically significant difference compared to the reference product in hardness, disintegration, and friability.
  • Successful scale-up to 52 tablets confirmed product quality.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, two-step statistical method effectively optimizes immediate-release tablets for water-soluble drugs.
  • The developed formulation meets target quality attributes, ensuring consistent product performance.
  • Statistical analysis provides a rapid, effective, and systematic approach for tablet compounding.