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Related Experiment Videos

Accommodative convergence in hypermetropia.

G K von Noorden1, C W Avilla

  • 1Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|September 15, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Children with hypermetropia and esotropia have a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. Those without esotropia have a low AC/A ratio, explaining why some hypermetropic children do not develop esodeviations.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Strabismology

Background:

  • Hypermetropia is a common refractive error in children.
  • Esotropia, or inward turning of the eye, can be associated with hypermetropia.
  • The accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio is a key factor in the development of accommodative esotropia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical characteristics of hypermetropic children with and without esotropia.
  • To investigate the role of the AC/A ratio in the presence or absence of esotropia in hypermetropic children.
  • To assess accommodative function and stereopsis in these patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Standard ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations were performed.
  • The stimulus AC/A ratio was determined using the gradient method over a 6-diopter range.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Near point of accommodation and random dot stereopsis were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypermetropic patients with refractive accommodative esotropia exhibited a high AC/A ratio.
    • Hypermetropic patients without esotropia or significant esophoria demonstrated a low AC/A ratio.
    • Both groups showed a high prevalence of abnormally low near points of accommodation and impaired stereopsis.

    Conclusions:

    • A low AC/A ratio in hypermetropic children may prevent the development of esotropia.
    • The AC/A ratio is a critical differentiator between hypermetropic children with and without esotropia.
    • Defective accommodation and stereopsis are common in hypermetropic children, irrespective of esotropia status.