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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Published on: July 11, 2015

T-cell immunophenotyping distinguishes active from latent tuberculosis.

Katrina M Pollock1, Hilary S Whitworth, Damien J Montamat-Sicotte

  • 1Tuberculosis Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing active tuberculosis from latent infection is possible by analyzing T-cell responses. Measuring both T-cell phenotype and function provides a highly accurate biomarker for tuberculosis disease activity.

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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
15:57

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Published on: July 11, 2015

Identification of Rare Antigen-Specific T Cells from Mouse Lungs with Peptide:Major Histocompatibility Complex Tetramers
09:15

Identification of Rare Antigen-Specific T Cells from Mouse Lungs with Peptide:Major Histocompatibility Complex Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T-cell responses vary between active tuberculosis and latent infection.
  • Identifying these differences can aid in disease discrimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T-cell immunity in active tuberculosis versus latent tuberculosis infection.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic potential of T-cell phenotype and function measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study comparing cellular immunity in active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection groups, including HIV coinfection.
  • Polychromatic flow cytometry used to analyze CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets for phenotype and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α).

Main Results:

  • Higher frequencies of IFN-γ and TNF-α secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells observed in active tuberculosis compared to latent infection.
  • T-cell subsets shifted to an effector memory phenotype with reduced CD127 expression in active tuberculosis.
  • PPD-specific CD4+ T-cells with an effector phenotype accurately distinguished active from latent tuberculosis (AUC=0.99).

Conclusions:

  • Combined T-cell phenotype and function measurements offer a highly discriminatory biomarker for tuberculosis disease activity.
  • Further validation in large-scale prospective studies is needed to realize the diagnostic and monitoring potential.