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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Reconceptualizing functional brain connectivity in autism from a developmental perspective.

Lucina Q Uddin1, Kaustubh Supekar, Vinod Menon

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism involves altered brain connectivity, with younger children showing increased connectivity and adolescents/adults showing reduced connectivity. Developmental changes are key to understanding these autism-related brain differences.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disordersbrain developmentfMRIfunctional connectivitypuberty

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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08:36

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Autism Research

Background:

  • Autism is linked to brain connectivity alterations, but findings are debated.
  • Studies show both reduced (hypo-) and increased (hyper-) connectivity in autism.
  • Developmental aspects of these connectivity changes are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile conflicting findings on autism's brain connectivity patterns.
  • To investigate the role of developmental changes in autism-related connectivity.
  • To provide a developmental framework for understanding autism neurobiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging studies in autism.
  • Emphasis on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies.
  • Analysis of intrinsic functional connectivity across age groups (children, adolescents, adults).

Main Results:

  • Adolescents and adults with autism generally show reduced intrinsic functional connectivity.
  • Younger children with autism tend to exhibit increased functional connectivity.
  • A developmental shift in connectivity patterns is observed in autism.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental changes are crucial for understanding autism's complex connectivity phenotype.
  • Considering age and pubertal stage can resolve conflicting hypo- and hyper-connectivity findings.
  • A developmental framework offers a more comprehensive view of autism neurobiology.