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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

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Published on: January 9, 2016

Intertemporal bargaining in addiction.

George Ainslie1

  • 1School of Economics, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa ; Department of Veterans Affairs , Coatesville, PA , USA.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes intertemporal bargaining as the mechanism for self-control and free will, reconciling determinism with personal responsibility. It suggests addiction

Keywords:
addictionbrain imaging of motivationhyperbolic discounting of rewardintertemporal choiceself-control

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral economics
  • Neuroscience of decision-making
  • Philosophy of free will

Background:

  • The long-standing debate between disease and moral models of addiction mirrors the determinism vs. free will discussion.
  • Understanding motivation's role in self-control is crucial for resolving these debates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unified model of self-control, free will, and personal responsibility.
  • To explain the mechanism underlying preference instability and its control.
  • To reconcile determinism with a robust concept of free will.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative experiments on reward discounting in humans and non-humans.
  • Development of a theoretical model based on recursive self-prediction and intertemporal bargaining.

Main Results:

  • Delayed rewards lose effectiveness proportionally to their delay, demonstrating preference instability.
  • Intertemporal bargaining, a recursive self-prediction process, effectively controls preference instability.
  • This model integrates determinism with key elements of free will and personal responsibility.

Conclusions:

  • Intertemporal bargaining is the likely mechanism for both the strength and experienced freedom of will.
  • Determinism can be compatible with significant aspects of free will and personal responsibility.
  • While personal responsibility is functional, normative responsibility in addiction remains complex.