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Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro
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Published on: March 28, 2025

Bacterial community development in experimental gingivitis.

James O Kistler1, Veronica Booth, David J Bradshaw

  • 1Microbiology Unit, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|August 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals significant shifts in dental plaque microbial communities during gingivitis development. New bacterial taxa associated with gingivitis and periodontal health were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Current understanding of dental plaque in gingivitis relies on limited methods.
  • Microscopy and culture techniques do not fully capture oral microbial community complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize dental plaque microbial composition during the transition from periodontal health to gingivitis.
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa associated with gingivitis and periodontal health.

Main Methods:

  • Employed 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and bacterial culture.
  • Analyzed plaque samples from healthy volunteers who developed experimental gingivitis over two weeks.
  • Included a cross-sectional comparison with chronic periodontitis patients.

Main Results:

  • Significant shifts in plaque bacterial community structure and increased diversity were observed as gingivitis developed.
  • Identified new health-associated taxa (e.g., Rothia dentocariosa) and gingivitis-associated taxa (e.g., Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, Prevotella oulorum).
  • Confirmed associations between specific taxa and chronic periodontitis.

Conclusions:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing provides a comprehensive view of oral microbial shifts in gingivitis.
  • Specific bacterial taxa are strongly associated with periodontal health and disease states.
  • Further research into these identified taxa may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for periodontal disease prevention.