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Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Timing and force control deficits in clumsy children.

L Lundy-Ekman1, R Ivry, S Keele

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Pacific University.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clumsy children show distinct motor control deficits. Cerebellar dysfunction impacts timing, while basal ganglia issues affect force control, revealing separate neural systems for coordination.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Motor Control Research

Background:

  • Clumsiness in children is often linked to motor control deficits.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of motor control is crucial for developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cognitive processes and neural structures in motor control.
  • To differentiate motor control deficits in clumsy children based on neurological signs.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed motor and perceptual timing, and force control in clumsy children and controls.
  • Categorized clumsy children based on soft neurological signs indicating cerebellar or basal ganglia dysfunction.
  • Utilized tasks measuring interval timing, perceptual timing, and isometric force control.

Main Results:

  • Clumsy children with cerebellar signs exhibited deficits in both motor and perceptual timing.
  • Clumsy children with basal ganglia signs showed impairments in force control, not timing.
  • A double dissociation was observed between neurological signs and specific motor control deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Motor timing and force control are distinct components of coordination.
  • These distinct computations rely on separate neural systems, specifically the cerebellum for timing and basal ganglia for force control.
  • Findings support a neurodevelopmental model of motor control specialization.