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Updated: May 8, 2026

Internalization and Observation of Fluorescent Biomolecules in Living Microorganisms via Electroporation
Published on: February 8, 2015
Communication: Autodetachment versus internal conversion from the S1 state of the isolated GFP chromophore anion
Christopher W West1, Alex S Hudson, Steven L Cobb
1Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
The anionic form of p-hydroxybenzylidene-2,3-dimethylimidazolinone (HBDI) has been extensively employed as a model of the chromophore of the green fluorescence protein. The bright S1 excited state HBDI(-) has a measured lifetime of 1.4 ps in the gas-phase and is dominated by two non-radiative decay mechanisms: internal conversion and autodetachment into the neutral continuum. Here, time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the yields of these two channels from which the lifetime for autodetachment was found to be ∼30 ps.
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