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Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
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Spoken Sentence Comprehension in Aphasia: Event-related Potential Evidence for a Lexical Integration Deficit.

T Swaab1, C Brown, P Hagoort

  • 1Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|August 24, 2013
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Summary

Event-related potentials, specifically the N400 component, reveal that Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics with severe comprehension deficits struggle with integrating lexical information during spoken sentence understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neurolinguistics

Background:

  • Aphasia, resulting from Broca's or Wernicke's area damage, often involves difficulties in spoken sentence comprehension.
  • The underlying cause of comprehension deficits may involve impaired on-line integration of lexical information within sentence context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spoken sentence understanding in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics using event-related potentials (ERPs).
  • To determine if comprehension deficits stem from impaired on-line lexical integration.
  • To analyze the N400 component's response to semantically congruent and anomalous sentence-final words.

Main Methods:

  • Event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the N400 component, were measured in response to sentence-final words.
  • Participants included Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics (categorized by comprehension severity), neurologically unimpaired controls, and nonaphasic brain-damaged patients.
  • Sentences were presented with either contextually matching or anomalous final words; P300 was also measured using an oddball paradigm.

Main Results:

  • Aphasic patients with mild comprehension deficits (high comprehenders) and controls exhibited comparable N400 effects.
  • Aphasic patients with moderate to severe deficits (low comprehenders) showed a reduced and delayed N400 effect.
  • No correlation was found between N400 and P300 effects, suggesting the N400 changes are language-specific.

Conclusions:

  • Spoken sentence comprehension deficits in moderate to severe aphasia are associated with impaired on-line integration of lexical information.
  • The N400 component effectively reflects difficulties in integrating semantic information during real-time language processing in aphasia.
  • Findings support a neurobiological basis for comprehension deficits related to the dynamic processing of linguistic input.