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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging
09:05

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Published on: June 21, 2016

Morphologic changes in the aortic wall media after support with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device.

Ana M Segura1, Igor Gregoric, Rajko Radovancevic

  • 1(a)Departments of Cardiovascular Pathology Research , Texas Heart Institute, Houston.

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) alter aortic wall morphology, increasing degeneration and fibrosis. These changes occurred in all patients after LVAD support, but their clinical significance remains unknown.

Keywords:
aortaaortic mediacontinuous flowhistopathologyleft ventricular assist device (LVAD)

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Published on: February 13, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) offer durable support for heart failure patients.
  • The long-term biological effects of continuous-flow LVADs on the aorta are not fully understood.
  • This study investigated aortic wall changes in patients before and after LVAD implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the morphological alterations in the aortic wall media following prolonged circulatory support with a continuous-flow LVAD.
  • To compare aortic tissue characteristics before and after LVAD implantation.

Main Methods:

  • Aortic wall tissue samples were collected from 11 severe heart failure patients at LVAD implantation and explantation (transplant or autopsy).
  • Histological analysis included H&E, Movat's pentachrome, and Masson's trichrome staining, along with smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry.
  • Quantitative grading assessed medial thickness, degeneration, smooth muscle cell (SMC) changes, elastic fiber integrity, fibrosis, and atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Patients received LVAD support for a mean of 140 days.
  • Histologic evaluation revealed significant increases in medial degeneration, SMC depletion, elastic fiber fragmentation, medial fibrosis, and atherosclerotic changes after LVAD support.
  • No significant difference in mean medial thickness was observed, and changes were consistent between transplant and autopsy specimens.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous-flow LVAD support leads to notable alterations in the aortic wall media's morphology.
  • These observed morphological changes occurred in all patients studied.
  • The clinical implications of these aortic wall alterations following LVAD support are currently unknown.