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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Location memory: separate cortical coding for distal and local cues.

Michael E Hasselmo1

  • 1Center for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychology and Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Hasselmo@bu.edu

Current Biology : CB
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The entorhinal cortex, crucial for spatial navigation, shows distinct regional activity. Different parts of the entorhinal cortex process local and distant spatial cues, especially when they conflict.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

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Published on: February 19, 2018

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13:51

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • The entorhinal cortex is vital for spatial memory and navigation.
  • It is known to encode information about the environment, including spatial cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different regions of the entorhinal cortex process local versus distal spatial cues.
  • To examine the neural response to conflicting spatial information within the entorhinal cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings or imaging in animal models.
  • Presentation of conflicting local and distal spatial cues during a navigation task.
  • Analysis of neural activity in distinct entorhinal cortex subregions.

Main Results:

  • Specific subregions of the entorhinal cortex exhibited differential responses to local and distal cues.
  • Neural activity patterns changed when spatial cues were rotated and created conflict.
  • Evidence suggests a specialized role for different entorhinal cortex areas in cue integration.

Conclusions:

  • The entorhinal cortex segregates the processing of different types of spatial information.
  • This regional specialization aids in resolving conflicts between local and distal environmental cues.
  • Findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of spatial representation and navigation.