Cognition before curriculum: rethinking the integration of basic science and clinical learning

Kulamakan Mahan Kulasegaram1, Maria Athina Martimianakis, Maria Mylopoulos

  • 1Mr. Kulasegaram is a PhD candidate, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program and Program for Education Research and Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He is also a Wilson Centre Fellow, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Martimianakis is director of scholarship, assistant professor, Department of Paediatrics, and scientist, Wilson Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Mylopoulos is assistant professor of paediatrics, University of Toronto, scientist, Learning Institute, Sick Kids Hospital, and scientist, Wilson Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Whitehead is vice chair for education, associate professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, scientist, Wilson Centre, and education scientist, Centre for Ambulatory Care Education, Women's College Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Woods is assistant professor, Department of Surgery, and education scientist, Wilson Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Summary

Integrating basic and clinical sciences in medical education is challenging. Effective strategies focus on cognitive links between knowledge domains at the session level for better learning outcomes.

Related Concept Videos

Critical Thinking II01:25

Critical Thinking II

Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
Patient-centered Care01:13

Patient-centered Care

Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
Nursing Clinical Information System01:27

Nursing Clinical Information System

Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS)
A Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system tailored to meet the unique needs of nursing practice. It incorporates the principles of nursing informatics to streamline information management and improve the quality of care delivery.
Critical attributes of NCIS include:
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Critical Thinking I01:24

Critical Thinking I

Critical thinking helps decision-making and allows nurses to recognize barriers to success and find solutions to possible issues. It helps to brainstorm and implement ideas to achieve goals. Critical thinking helps acknowledge and state workflow inefficiencies while improving management techniques. Nurses understand the value of critical thinking and look for fellow nurses with critical thinking skills to upgrade their professional standards. Critical thinking can advance a nurse's career with...