Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...

Labeling Emotion

Labeling Emotion

Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Unilateral extrapedicular vs. bilateral transpedicular percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: an exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in surgery·2026

Same author

Cascade-Activatable Nanoprobes for NIR-II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Dual-Modal Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaques.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

Nasal microenvironment self-responsive herbal hydrogel alleviates Parkinsonian pathology via the inhibition of α-synuclein liquid-liquid phase separation.

Biomaterials·2026

Same author

Transverse process-pedicle versus conventional transpedicular approach in percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and pilot meta-analysis.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026

Same author

Comparison of clinical outcomes and quality of life for robotic versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with mid-low rectal cancer: a multicenter cohort study with inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same author

Family single-cell atlases reveal pig pregnancy and fetal growth restriction critical cell types.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Benchmarking the Robustness of Autonomous Driving to Environmental Illusions: A Lane Perception Perspective.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026

Same journal

Learning Topology-Aware Representations via Test-Time Adaptation for Anomaly Segmentation.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026

Same journal

TraGraph-GS: Trajectory Graph-based Gaussian Splatting for Arbitrary Large-Scale Scene Rendering.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026

Same journal

SWIFT: A Small-World Interaction Framework for Flow-Aware Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026

Same journal

HardFlow: Hard-Constrained Sampling for Flow-Matching Models Via Trajectory Optimization.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026

Same journal

Industrial Brain: Self-Evolving Neuro-Symbolic Autonomy with Causal Resilience for Cyber-Physical Systems.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Combining Eye-tracking Data with an Analysis of Video Content from Free-viewing a Video of a Walk in an Urban Park Environment

Combining Eye-tracking Data with an Analysis of Video Content from Free-viewing a Video of a Walk in an Urban Park Environment

Published on: May 7, 2019

Facial age estimation by learning from label distributions.

Xin Geng¹, Chao Yin, Zhi-Hua Zhou

¹School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. xgeng@seu.edu.cn

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

|August 24, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Facial age estimation is improved by treating face images as distributions of ages, not single ages. This label distribution learning approach enhances accuracy for aging algorithms.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

Published on: August 26, 2016

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Combining Eye-tracking Data with an Analysis of Video Content from Free-viewing a Video of a Walk in an Urban Park Environment

Combining Eye-tracking Data with an Analysis of Video Content from Free-viewing a Video of a Walk in an Urban Park Environment

Published on: May 7, 2019

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

Published on: August 26, 2016

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Area of Science:

Computer Vision
Machine Learning
Biometrics

Background:

Facial age estimation faces challenges due to insufficient training data.
Aging is a gradual process where faces at similar ages exhibit resemblances.

Purpose of the Study:

To address data scarcity in facial age estimation.
To leverage the smooth nature of aging for improved learning algorithms.

Main Methods:

Proposed a novel approach: label distribution learning (LDL) for face images.
Each face image is associated with a distribution of ages, not a single age label.
Introduced two algorithms, IIS-LLD and CPNN, to implement LDL.

Main Results:

LDL algorithms demonstrated significant advantages over traditional single-label learning methods.
Experimental results validated the effectiveness on aging face databases.
The proposed methods outperformed general-purpose and age-estimation-specific single-label algorithms.

Conclusions:

Label distribution learning is a more effective paradigm for facial age estimation than single-label learning.
The proposed IIS-LLD and CPNN algorithms successfully implement LDL for aging analysis.
This approach enhances the robustness and accuracy of age estimation systems, especially with limited data.