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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
06:52

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

Published on: September 30, 2020

[Delirium in elderly patients].

Bjørn Erik Neerland1, Leiv Otto Watne, Torgeir Bruun Wyller

  • 1Institutt for klinisk medisin, Universitetet i Oslo, Norway. bjorn.erik@neerland.net

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delirium, an acute confusional state, is a serious complication in the elderly. Prioritizing detection and non-drug interventions is crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
06:52

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

Published on: September 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Internal Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Delirium, or acute confusional state, is a common and severe complication of acute illness, especially in the elderly.
  • It places a significant burden on patients, families, and healthcare systems.
  • Updated information is essential for healthcare professionals managing delirium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide healthcare personnel with updated information on delirium.
  • To highlight the challenges and management strategies for acute confusional states in elderly patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed.
  • Inclusion of author's personal archives and clinical experience.

Main Results:

  • Delirium is often overlooked in elderly patients, with prevalence rates of 11-42% in medical wards and nearly 50% in hip fracture patients.
  • Advanced age and dementia are key risk factors, while trauma, infections, stroke, and metabolic issues are common triggers.
  • Delirium increases the risk of dementia, functional decline, and mortality; antipsychotics are a first-line treatment but have contraindications.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt detection and treatment of underlying causes are paramount in managing delirium.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions are the most critical component for both prevention and treatment of delirium.