Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuate cisplatin-induced acute and chronic renal injury

Mesenchymal stem cell is becoming a promising candidate in acute kidney injury (AKI). We first reported that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) could ameliorate renal function in ischemic/reperfusion AKI rats, but the role of hucMSCs in cisplatin-induced acute and chronic injury has been demonstrated. More specifically, it is still unknown whether hucMSCs halt renal interstitial fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of hucMSCs in cisplatin-induced kidney injury and explored the mechanism of action. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) analyses showed amelioration of functional parameters in hucMSC-treated rats at early damage. Transplantation with hucMSCs promoted renal cell regeneration, inhibited cell apoptosis, abrogated inflammatory responses and protected mitochondria. Moreover, Masson's trichrome staining demonstrated reduced levels of fibrosis in kidney tissues of hucMSC-treated rats at six and eight weeks after cisplatin injection. These results were corroborated by reduced collagen deposit, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor β mRNA expression. Furthermore, hucMSCs prevented the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in injury renal tissues, leading to the attenuation of chronic renal interstitial fibrosis. Taken together, our findings suggested that hucMSCs could decrease the kidney from development of later renal interstitial fibrosis by amelioration of early AKI.