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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
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Published on: December 3, 2019

Avascular necrosis in HIV patients: a case-control study.

G G Whitlock1, S Herbert, A Copas

  • 1Centre for Sexual Health & HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.

International Journal of STD & AIDS
|August 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is linked to systemic steroid use and protease inhibitor exposure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Early diagnosis and risk factor avoidance are crucial for managing AVN in this population.

Keywords:
AIDSAVNHIVantiretroviral therapyavascular necrosiscase–control studycorticosteroidsosteonecrosisprotease inhibitorsrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a serious condition affecting bone health.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals may face unique health challenges.
  • Understanding risk factors for AVN in HIV is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between avascular necrosis (AVN) and potential risk factors in HIV-positive individuals.
  • To examine the role of antiretroviral therapy, specifically protease inhibitors, in AVN development.
  • To highlight the importance of early AVN diagnosis and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of clinic records for AVN cases in HIV-positive patients up to July 2009.
  • Case-control study design with controls matched for key demographic and clinical variables.
  • Univariate analysis to identify significant associations with AVN.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen symptomatic AVN cases were identified, with a majority in female patients.
  • Significant associations were found between AVN and a history of systemic steroid use (p = 0.004).
  • Cumulative exposure to protease inhibitors showed a significant association with AVN (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Systemic steroid use is a significant risk factor for AVN in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Protease inhibitor exposure may also contribute to AVN development.
  • Clinical awareness and proactive management of risk factors are essential for preventing AVN progression in HIV patients.