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Cajachalcone: An Antimalarial Compound from Cajanus cajan Leaf Extract.

E O Ajaiyeoba¹, O O Ogbole, O O Abiodun

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.

Journal of Parasitology Research

|August 24, 2013

Summary

A Nigerian plant, Cajanus cajan, contains a compound called cajachalcone with significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. This natural compound shows promise as a potential new lead for antimalarial drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

Ethnobotany
Pharmacology
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Cajanus cajan L. (Fabaceae) is recognized in Nigerian ethnobotany for its antimalarial properties.
Plasmodium falciparum resistance necessitates novel antimalarial drug discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To isolate and identify the antimalarial compound from Cajanus cajan leaves.
To evaluate the in vitro antimalarial activity of the isolated compound.

Main Methods:

Bioassay-guided fractionation of C. cajan leaf methanol extract.
In vitro testing against Plasmodium falciparum (K1 strain) using parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay.
Compound isolation via chromatography and structure elucidation using spectroscopy.

Main Results:

A cajachalcone, identified as 2',6'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy chalcone, was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction.
Cajachalcone demonstrated significant in vitro antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 2.0 μg/mL (7.4 μM).

Conclusions:

Cajachalcone is the active antimalarial constituent of Cajanus cajan leaves.
Cajachalcone represents a promising lead compound for the development of new antimalarial drugs.