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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Isotopes

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Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Isotopic chains around oxygen from evolved chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions.

A Cipollone¹, C Barbieri, P Navrátil

¹Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters

|August 27, 2013

Summary

This study introduces a new method for nuclear physics calculations, incorporating three-body interactions to accurately predict isotope binding energies. The approach shows strong agreement with experimental data for oxygen and nitrogen isotopes.

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Area of Science:

Nuclear Physics
Quantum Many-Body Theory

Background:

Traditional nuclear models often simplify interactions, limiting accuracy for complex systems.
Accurate predictions of nuclear properties are crucial for understanding stellar evolution and nuclear reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend self-consistent Green's function theory to include three-body interactions.
To apply this enhanced formalism to isotopic chains around oxygen.
To investigate the impact of three-nucleon forces on nuclear binding energies and driplines.

Main Methods:

Developed a formalism based on the third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction for two-body Hamiltonians.
Incorporated system-dependent one- and two-body interactions derived from three-body forces.
Applied the method to study chiral two- and three-nucleon forces at low momentum cutoffs.

Main Results:

Accurately reproduced binding energies for nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine isotopes.
Demonstrated the predictive power of the formalism, especially for neutron-rich isotopes.
Successfully reproduced experimental driplines for oxygen and nitrogen isotopes.
Enabled calculation of form factors for nucleon transfer on doubly magic systems.

Conclusions:

The inclusion of three-body interactions significantly improves the accuracy of nuclear binding energy predictions.
The developed formalism provides a robust framework for studying nuclear structure and reactions.
This approach offers valuable insights into the behavior of neutron-rich nuclei and nuclear forces.