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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Autophagy and cellular immune responses.

Yuting Ma1, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Laurence Zitvogel

  • 1INSERM, U848, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.

Immunity
|August 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular process, is crucial for immunity by influencing immune cell activity and alerting the immune system to danger signals. Dysfunctional autophagy can lead to immune diseases and tumor immune evasion.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process involving the degradation of cytoplasmic components via lysosomes.
  • It plays a vital role in cellular defense against stress and in shaping innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • Autophagy influences the release of cytokines and danger signals from antigen-presenting cells, impacting immune activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the regulation of autophagy in cellular immune responses.
  • To emphasize autophagy's impact on antigen-donor cell immunogenicity.
  • To highlight autophagy's role in the activity of antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent evidence on autophagy's role in immunity.
  • Discussion of genetic mutations in autophagy-related genes and their link to immune diseases.
  • Analysis of autophagic defects in oncogenesis and tumor immunosurveillance.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy regulates the release of cytokines and danger signals, priming innate immune responses.
  • Autophagy is essential for the differentiation, survival, and activation of myeloid and lymphoid cells.
  • Defects in autophagy are associated with immune diseases and facilitate tumor immune escape.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a critical regulator of cellular immunity, impacting antigen presentation and T cell responses.
  • Understanding autophagy regulation is key to developing strategies against immune disorders and cancer.