Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Optimization Problems01:26

Optimization Problems

8
Optimization problems often involve identifying maximum or minimum values under specific constraints. A well-known example is determining the longest horizontal pipe that can be moved around a right-angled corner, where a 3-meter-wide hallway meets a 2-meter-wide hallway. This scenario, common in architectural design and industrial transport, can be understood conceptually through geometric and trigonometric reasoning.To visualize the problem, consider the pipe as a straight line that touches...
8
Internal and External Forces01:12

Internal and External Forces

16.0K
Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the object or system. In contrast, internal forces originate inside the system of interest and do not lead to any acceleration. In simpler words, internal forces are forces that act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. External forces are forces that act on an object due to some other object. Therefore, when...
16.0K
Response Surface Methodology01:16

Response Surface Methodology

595
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
595
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.3K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.3K
Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

1.8K
Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
1.8K
Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

1.4K
Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Therapy and biomarker dependent progression-free survival in infant sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma: a multi-national retrospective cohort study.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Validation of a smart textile electrocardiographic monitoring device in racehorses during high-speed exercise.

Equine veterinary journal·2026
Same author

Causal inference and digital twins: a roadmap for the future of clinical trials.

NPJ digital medicine·2026
Same author

Pulmonary fibrosis: evolving therapeutic pipeline.

BMJ medicine·2026
Same author

Validation of measurable radiographic parameters for quantitative assessment of carpal and metacarpal bone morphology in foals.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2026
Same author

Discovery and Structural Optimization of BRD4-Selective Monovalent Direct Degraders.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow
08:58

Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow

Published on: October 17, 2025

574

Driving external chemistry optimization via operations management principles.

F Christopher Bi1, Heather N Frost2, Xiaolan Ling3

  • 1External Research Solutions, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Drug Discovery Today
|August 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pfizer boosted chemistry CRO productivity by implementing Lean Six Sigma and queue management. This led to a 48% reduction in cycle times and a 29% increase in compound flow through workflow optimization and improved processes.

More Related Videos

Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation
09:28

Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation

Published on: May 18, 2020

9.2K
Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow
08:58

Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow

Published on: October 17, 2025

574
Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation
09:28

Process Optimization using High Throughput Automated Micro-Bioreactors in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultivation

Published on: May 18, 2020

9.2K
Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Operations Management
  • Process Improvement

Background:

  • Remotely located chemistry Contract Research Organizations (CROs) faced productivity challenges.
  • Pfizer sought to enhance efficiency in outsourced chemistry services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve productivity and outcomes for remote chemistry CROs.
  • To leverage Lean Six Sigma and queue management principles for measurable results.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted detailed workflow analysis to identify and resolve bottlenecks.
  • Optimized work in progress (WIP) and the request process.
  • Implemented strategies to de-risk chemistry processes.
  • Fostered collaborative relationships and communication between Pfizer and CRO chemists.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 48% reduction in cycle times during 2012.
  • Increased compound flow by 29%.
  • Demonstrated positive, measurable outcomes through continuous improvement initiatives.

Conclusions:

  • Integration of Lean Six Sigma and queue management effectively enhanced CRO productivity.
  • Workflow optimization and improved communication are key to reducing cycle times and increasing compound flow.
  • Collaborative partnerships are essential for success in outsourced chemistry operations.