Functionalization of gold nanoparticles as antidiabetic nanomaterial

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cassia auriculata contains active biocomponents like propanoic acid 2-(3-acetoxy-4,4,14-trimethylandrost-8-en-17-yl) (PAT).
• Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia.
• Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key negative regulator of insulin signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and characterize green gold nanoparticles using PAT.
• To investigate the antidiabetic effects of these gold nanoparticles in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model.
• To evaluate the PTP1B inhibitory activity of the synthesized nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

• Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting PAT with aqueous HAuCl4.
• Characterization involved UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, GC-MS, FTIR, TEM, and SEM with EDAX.
• Diabetic rats were treated with varying doses of gold nanoparticles, and biochemical parameters were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Monodisperse, spherical gold nanoparticles (12-41 nm) were successfully synthesized.
• Significant reduction in plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels was observed at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg.
• Plasma insulin levels increased significantly, and notable PTP1B inhibitory activity was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

• PAT-synthesized green gold nanoparticles possess significant antidiabetic properties.
• These nanoparticles effectively manage hyperglycemia and related metabolic disturbances.
• The PTP1B inhibitory activity contributes to the observed therapeutic effects, highlighting their potential as a novel antidiabetic agent.