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Allergic conjunctivitis: an update on diagnosis and management.
1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33418, USA. tobrien@med.miami.edu
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|August 27, 2013
Summary
This review outlines a diagnostic and treatment strategy for ocular allergies, focusing on seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC). Effective management involves a proactive, multifaceted approach tailored to allergy severity.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Allergy Immunology
Background:
- Ocular allergies, particularly seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), represent a significant patient population.
- Current management strategies involve various topical medications, highlighting the need for a structured approach.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a logical paradigm for diagnosing and treating ocular allergies.
- To specifically address the management of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC).
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on ocular allergy diagnosis and treatment.
- Analysis of available topical medication classes for ocular allergy management.
- Development of a treatment paradigm based on disease severity and patient symptoms.
Main Results:
- Multiple topical medication classes are available, including lubricants, vasoconstrictors, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and corticosteroids.
- Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) constitute the majority of ocular allergy cases.
- A proactive strategy anticipating allergen spikes is crucial for optimal management.
Conclusions:
- Effective ocular allergy management requires a proactive, multifaceted approach including patient education, lifestyle changes, and topical medications.
- Treatment selection should be guided by the severity of signs and symptoms.
- Moderate-to-severe cases, including chronic vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis, may necessitate co-management with an ophthalmologist.
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