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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

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Published on: April 11, 2019

Autoimmunity in 2012.

Carlo Selmi1

  • 1Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, cfselmi@ucdavis.edu.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|August 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research in 2012 highlighted key autoimmune disease mechanisms, including environmental factors and immune cell changes. Studies explored sex biases and identified shared pathways like interferon-alpha and TGF-beta, offering therapeutic insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Autoimmunity involves genomic susceptibility and loss of immune tolerance, leading to tissue injury.
  • Mechanisms include B cell anergy, T regulatory cell failure, autoantibodies, and autoreactive T cells.

Observation:

  • 2012 research focused on mechanisms and therapeutic implications in autoimmunity.
  • Key areas included environmental influences, Th17 cell modulation, and B cell changes as biomarkers.
  • Studies also investigated the sex bias in autoimmunity, exploring genetic and reproductive factors.

Findings:

  • Environmental factors significantly influence autoimmunity.
  • Alterations in Th17 cells, autoantibodies, and B cells are crucial.
  • Sex chromosome changes and reproductive factors may explain female predominance in autoimmune diseases.

Implications:

  • Understanding shared pathways (e.g., interferon-alpha, TGF-beta) can inform treatments for diverse autoimmune conditions.
  • Biomarkers like autoantibodies and B cell changes offer therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into sex-specific mechanisms may lead to personalized autoimmune disease therapies.