Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Codon-optimized human Smad7 gene therapy enhances skeletal muscle mass and function in a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Gene therapy·2025

Same author

Murine toxicology assessment of avgn7.2, a novel gene therapeutic for inclusion body myositis and other muscle wasting diseases.

Gene therapy·2025

Same author

Validation of a Göttingen Minipig Gene Therapy Biodistribution Assay for AVGN7 Using Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction.

The AAPS journal·2025

Same author

Efficacy and muscle safety assessment of fukutin-related protein gene therapy.

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development·2023

Same author

Development and validation of a model gene therapy biodistribution assay for AVGN7 using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction.

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development·2023

Same author

Myostatin/Activin Receptor Ligands in Muscle and the Development Status of Attenuating Drugs.

Endocrine reviews·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

When is education a disservice?

Buel D Rodgers¹

¹1Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. danrodgers@wsu.edu.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|August 27, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The science Ph.D. job market is contracting due to funding cuts and a surplus of graduates, limiting traditional career paths for Ph.D. holders. Universities must adapt by reforming Ph.D. programs and enhancing mentorship to ensure the future of scientific research.

Keywords:

Ph.D job market Ph.D. training mentoring

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Scientific Workforce Development
Higher Education in STEM

Background:

A growing number of Ph.D. graduates face a contracting job market in science.
University Ph.D. programs are expanding despite limited career opportunities for graduates.
Declining funding and job advertisements for faculty and postdoctoral positions indicate a challenging scientific career landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the current state of the Ph.D. job market in science.
To examine the impact of university Ph.D. program expansion on graduates and the scientific field.
To propose solutions for sustainable Ph.D. training and career development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of job advertisements in the journal Science.
Review of recent surveys on the Ph.D. job market.
Assessment of trends in faculty and postdoctoral position availability since 2008.

Main Results:

Significant decline in advertised tenure-track faculty and postdoctoral positions post-2008 financial crisis.
Ph.D. job market shows signs of contraction, with fewer opportunities in relevant science fields.
University administrative incentives promote Ph.D. program expansion despite negative consequences for students.

Conclusions:

Current Ph.D. program structures are unsustainable and detrimental to graduates and science.
Active mentoring and "less-is-more" program models are needed to benefit students and universities.
University administrative reforms are necessary to ensure a sustainable pipeline of scientific talent.