[New cement filled with hydroxyapatite. Preliminary clinical results]

After histological, scanning-electromicroscope, stereomicroscope and transillumination controls, the clearing technique definitively demonstrated that it's really impossible to empty and entirely fill the endodontic apical extremity inside the correct limit, without running the risk to cause iatrogenesis interferences against periodontal reparation processes. Then also the "tridimensional fill" conception, as a simple "seal by physical push", must be integrated with the conception of root canal sealer materials biocompatibility toward the periodontal tissues. "Bioseal" root canal sealer which is the subject of this research is certainly an example of progress about this objective.