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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

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Published on: May 19, 2015

Rumination prospectively predicts executive functioning impairments in adolescents.

Samantha L Connolly1, Clara A Wagner, Benjamin G Shapero

  • 1Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States.

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|August 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Engaging in rumination may deplete cognitive resources, negatively impacting executive functioning in adolescents. This study found that higher baseline rumination predicted later deficits in attention, supporting the resource allocation hypothesis.

Keywords:
AdolescenceDepressionExecutive functioningRumination

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Rumination and depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescents.
  • Executive functioning is crucial for cognitive control and adaptive behavior.
  • The resource allocation hypothesis suggests cognitive load impacts executive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the resource allocation hypothesis in adolescents.
  • To examine if rumination or depressive symptoms predict executive functioning deficits.
  • To investigate if poor executive functioning predicts increased rumination or depression.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study with 200 adolescents (ages 12-13).
  • Measures included depressive symptoms, rumination, and executive functioning.
  • Data collected at baseline and 15-month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Higher baseline rumination predicted decreased selective attention and attentional switching.
  • Rumination did not predict changes in working memory or sustained/divided attention.
  • Depressive symptoms and baseline executive functioning did not predict changes in rumination or depression.

Conclusions:

  • Findings partially support the resource allocation hypothesis in adolescents.
  • Rumination may consume cognitive resources needed for executive functioning.
  • This is the first longitudinal study to support the resource allocation hypothesis in this age group.