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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
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Correlation between spin structure oscillations and domain wall velocities.

André Bisig1, Martin Stärk, Mohamad-Assaad Mawass

  • 11] Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany [3] SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland [4] Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Nature Communications
|August 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precise control of magnetic domain walls is key for spintronic devices. This study reveals a new motion regime and identifies magnetostatic energy as crucial for overcoming pinning, advancing magnetic logic device development.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic domain wall motion is fundamental for spintronic devices.
  • Precise control over domain wall velocity and position is essential for device functionality.
  • Predicted velocity variations stem from intrinsic spin structure dynamics and extrinsic pinning effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly image nanoscale spin structures and validate predictions of domain wall motion.
  • To investigate the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on domain wall velocity.
  • To identify the energy mechanisms enabling domain walls to overcome pinning potentials.

Main Methods:

  • Direct dynamic imaging of nanoscale magnetic domain wall spin structures.
  • Experimental observation and analysis of domain wall motion in curved nanowires.
  • Correlation of observed motion with theoretical predictions and material imperfections.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a novel oscillating domain wall motion regime below the Walker breakdown.
  • Observation of periodic spin structure changes linked to oscillating motion.
  • Demonstration that extrinsic pinning primarily affects slow-moving domain walls.
  • Identification of magnetostatic energy, proportional to velocity, as the key to overcoming pinning.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides direct experimental evidence for predicted domain wall dynamics.
  • Magnetostatic energy is identified as the critical factor enabling domain walls to surmount pinning sites.
  • Findings offer insights for designing more robust and efficient magnetic sensing and logic devices.