Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

Meningococcal disease

Ziad A Memish1, Abdulrahman A Alrajhi

  • 1Department of Medicine and Infection Prevention and Control, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|August 28, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Meningococcal disease, caused by Neisseria meningitidis, presents significant risks globally. Updated vaccination strategies, including quadrivalent vaccines, are crucial for preventing outbreaks and reducing mortality from this serious infection.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Meningococcal disease, caused by Neisseria meningitidis, is a major global health concern with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Serogroups A, B, and C historically dominate, but recent epidemiological shifts show increased prevalence of serogroups C, Y, and W135 in various regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease.
  • To highlight the impact of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 emergence in Saudi Arabia.
  • To discuss updated vaccination policies and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on Neisseria meningitidis serogroups.
  • Analysis of outbreak patterns, particularly during Hajj seasons.
  • Evaluation of current and developing prevention and treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Serogroup W135 emergence in Saudi Arabia caused significant outbreaks during Hajj seasons.
  • Vaccine requirements were updated to include quadrivalent (A, C, Y, W135) vaccines.
  • Meningococcal disease mortality remains high (5-10%) despite advances.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted vaccination strategies based on regional epidemiology are essential.
  • Rapid chemoprophylaxis for close contacts is a key preventive measure.
  • Development of new conjugate vaccines (e.g., quadrivalent) is ongoing and critical.

More Related Videos

Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection05:55

Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection

Published on: May 7, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...