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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

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Autistic traits in children with and without ADHD.

Amelia Kotte¹, Gagan Joshi, Ronna Fried

¹Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacologyand Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114-3139, USA.

|August 28, 2013

Summary

Many children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show autistic traits (ATs). These children experience greater challenges in mental health, social interactions, and academics.

Keywords:

ADD ADHD AT attention deficit disorder attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism traits autistic traits comorbidity social disability

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Area of Science:

Child and adolescent psychiatry
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Behavioral science

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in youth.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by social and communication deficits and restricted interests.
Some youth with ADHD exhibit autistic traits (ATs) without meeting full diagnostic criteria for ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and implications of autistic traits (ATs) in youth diagnosed with ADHD.
To compare the functioning of ADHD youth with and without ATs to neurotypical controls.

Main Methods:

A cohort of youth with ADHD (n=242) and without ADHD (n=227) were assessed, with autism diagnosis excluded.
Psychiatric, psychosocial, educational, and cognitive functioning were evaluated.
Autistic traits were measured using specific subscale scores from the Child Behavior Checklist.

Main Results:

A significant overrepresentation of ATs was found in children with ADHD compared to controls (18% vs 0.87%).
ADHD children with ATs demonstrated significantly greater impairment across psychopathology, interpersonal, school, family, and cognitive domains.
This suggests ATs are a meaningful correlate of increased dysfunction in ADHD.

Conclusions:

A notable minority of children with ADHD exhibit autistic traits.
The presence of ATs in ADHD youth is associated with increased illness severity and functional impairment.
These findings highlight the importance of assessing ATs in the ADHD population.