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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

What has high-throughput sequencing ever done for us?

Julian Parkhill1

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|August 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in sequencing technologies have revolutionized microbial genome research over the last decade. These innovations provide deeper insights into microbial communities and their functions.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Published on: June 3, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The past decade has witnessed exponential growth in DNA sequencing capabilities.
  • High-throughput sequencing has become a cornerstone of modern biological research.
  • Understanding microbial genomes is crucial for fields ranging from medicine to environmental science.

Discussion:

  • Sequencing technology advancements have dramatically reduced costs and increased throughput.
  • This has enabled large-scale projects and population-level studies of microbial genomes.
  • New analytical tools have been developed to handle the vast amounts of data generated.

Key Insights:

  • The transformation in sequencing has democratized microbial genomics research.
  • Researchers can now explore microbial diversity and function with unprecedented resolution.
  • Comparative genomics and metagenomics have flourished due to these technological leaps.

Outlook:

  • Future developments will likely focus on even faster, more accurate, and portable sequencing methods.
  • Continued innovation will further unravel the complexities of microbial ecosystems.
  • Applications in personalized medicine, synthetic biology, and environmental monitoring are expected to expand.