Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A population-based retrospective machine learning study of COVID-19 severity using integrated clinical and viral genomic data in Jiangsu Province, China.

BMC microbiology·2026
Same author

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the human urinary system: Molecular mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and translational perspectives for risk mitigation.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026
Same author

Feasibility and early safety of minimally invasive lower median sternotomy in aortic valve replacement.

Surgery open science·2026
Same author

Aerobic Exercise Preserves Retinal Integrity in Type 2 Diabetic Zebrafish in Association With Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Homeostasis.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Depressive symptoms mediate the longitudinal link between sleep duration and subjective well-being in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Tentacles from the atrial septal occluder.

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Mbd2 promotes foxp3 demethylation and T-regulatory-cell function.

Liqing Wang1, Yujie Liu, Rongxiang Han

  • 1Division of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|August 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Methyl-binding domain protein 2 (Mbd2) is crucial for demethylating the Foxp3 gene, enhancing T-regulatory cell function. Targeting Mbd2 impairs T-regulatory cell therapy potential.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Foxp3(+) T-regulatory (Treg) cells are vital for immune homeostasis and therapeutic applications.
  • Transcriptional regulation of Foxp3, particularly TSDR demethylation, is key to stable Treg function.
  • Methyl-binding domain (Mbd) proteins are implicated in chromatin modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Mbd2 in the demethylation of the Foxp3 gene's TSDR.
  • To determine if targeting Mbd2 affects Treg cell numbers and suppressive function.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to assess Mbd2 binding to the Foxp3 TSDR.
  • Homologous recombination and siRNA to target Mbd2 expression in Treg cells.
  • Analysis of TSDR methylation status, Foxp3 expression, and Treg suppressive function in vitro and in vivo.
  • Assessment of Tet2 binding to the TSDR in Mbd2-deficient Treg cells.

Main Results:

  • Mbd2 binds to the Foxp3 TSDR in Treg cells.
  • Targeting Mbd2 led to decreased Treg numbers and impaired suppressive function.
  • Mbd2 deficiency resulted in significant TSDR hypermethylation and reduced Foxp3 expression.
  • Restoring Mbd2 expression normalized TSDR demethylation, Foxp3 expression, and Treg function.
  • Mbd2 deficiency impaired Tet2 binding to the TSDR in peripheral Treg cells.

Conclusions:

  • Mbd2 plays a critical role in promoting TSDR demethylation, essential for Foxp3 expression and Treg cell suppressive function.
  • Mbd2 is necessary for maintaining Treg cell function in vivo, particularly in peripheral compartments.
  • These findings highlight Mbd2 as a potential target for modulating Treg cell-based therapies.