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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

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Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery.

Myura Nagendran1, Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy, Rajesh Aggarwal

  • 1UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgery, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, UK, NW3 2QG.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|August 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality (VR) training for surgical residents with limited laparoscopic experience appears to reduce operating times and improve operative performance. However, the clinical impact on patient outcomes and healthcare costs remains unknown, necessitating further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Simulation Technology

Background:

  • Traditional surgical apprenticeship is time-consuming, costly, and of variable effectiveness.
  • Virtual reality (VR) simulators offer a supplementary training method to enhance surgical skills.
  • Previous studies indicate VR training improves technical skills like suturing speed and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits and harms of supplementary VR training for surgical trainees with limited laparoscopic experience.
  • To assess improvements in surgical proficiency and patient outcomes.
  • To identify potential negative impacts on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized clinical trials comparing VR training with no training, box-trainer training, or standard laparoscopic training.
  • Searched major databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded) until July 2012.
  • Included trials assessing outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery; analyzed data using fixed-effect and random-effects models.

Main Results:

  • Eight trials involving 109 trainees were included; all had a high risk of bias.
  • VR training significantly decreased operating time (MD -11.76 minutes) compared to no supplementary training.
  • VR training showed improved operative performance compared to no training or box-trainer training, though some results were non-significant due to model choice or lack of numerical data.

Conclusions:

  • VR training appears to reduce operating time and enhance operative performance in novice laparoscopic surgeons.
  • The clinical impact of VR training on patient outcomes and healthcare costs is currently unknown.
  • Further high-quality, well-designed trials are needed to assess the effect of VR training on clinical outcomes.